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Ngā Take Tuatahi o ngā Rangahau Whakaiti Kaimahi Diesel
Te Mahi o te Kaiwhakarerekē Diesel (DOC)
Ko ngā Kaitākaro Okihi Paraihe, i te pōhihi DOC, e mahi ana i te whakakaha i ngā mea whai hau o ngā inihua paraihe ki ngā mea pērā i te warowai karaihe me te aha hau wai, e kore ai e hāmama te taiao. Ko te nuinga o te mahi a ngā kaitākaro he whakakaha i te monoxide karaihe, ngā hydrocarbon, me ngā pātītī iti nei kei te hau paraihe, ā, kātahi ka whakapai ake i te hau kātata e manawa ai tātou, me te whakapai ake anō hoki i te mahi ake o ngā inihua. Kei te nuinga o ngā DOC he piritini, he taro rānei anō e tāngata ana i te pono ina eke ana ki ngā hau kaiwhakarewa o ngā pūmahara. E ai ki ngā whiriwhiringa a te Environmental Protection Agency me ētahi atu tāpoi whakahaere, he nui te whakakaha i ngā kiripaku hau tāukame ina tāpirihia he pūnaha DOC. Ka nui ake te whakamāmā i te whakaaetanga o ngā kaihanga ki ngā tikanga whakaputanga ake, ā, ki te noho hoki ki ngā rohe ture mō te whakauru taiao.
Te Pūnaha Whakahoki Whakaaweawe (DPF) Motokarawa Hākano
Ko te Kaitāwhai Paraihe Dīsel, te DPF mā te poto, kei te whakapa ana i te rōpū tuarangi i ngā pātīkai pāpaku i ngā hau whakaputanga dīsel. I te wā e kuhu ana ngā kiriata katoa ki te waihanga katoa o ngā pātīkai, arā ko te whakamā clean i te wā i te wā ka tūhono kia pai ai te mahi tonu. E rua ngā ara e pā ana ki tēnei. Ko te tuatahi ko te whakarewa whakarewa - ka rite tonu te mea i te wā e whakahaere ai te waka i ngā wā e pā ana ki te hau nui ake i te huinga huinga. Ki te korenei e tō heke, ka whakauru te punaha whakahaere inu ki te mea e mōhiotia ana ko te whakarewa ake. Ko ngā whakauru e whakaatu ana ko te tūhono atu ki ngā tikanga whakahaere DPF, ā, ko te whakapai kia tīhono ngā tikanga whakarewa, ka taea pea e koe te whakakaha i te wā kaimahi o te kāpia i ngā wā katoa. I waho i te whakapai ake i te wā katoa i ngā wākā, āwhina ana i te whakahaere i te whakaiti i ngā hau whakaiti, ā, whakauru ana ki te whakapai ake i te kounga hau katoa.
Te Whakawai Korara Tirohia (SCR) & Te Wai DEF
Ko te Whakarāpunu Kaitohu Toa, te kaiwhakamāmā i te whakarāpopo i te nuinga o te nitric oxide i ngā inu hau para. Ko te tikanga e whakaputangia ai te 'Diesel Exhaust Fluid' ki te hau para e hui ana ki ngā uira nitric oxide ki runga i te kiriata motuhake. Kei te aha i muri mai? Ko ngā kimi e hui tahi ana ka hurihia te nitric oxide ki te nitrogin me te kōpiko anake. E ai ki ngā whakaaturanga a te Kaiwhakahaere Hau Tino, ka taea e tēnei hangarau te whakaiti i te nitric oxide ki te 90%. Ko tēnei whakaitinga ka rerekētia te āhua ina hiahiatia ana e ngā kamupene kia tū whakamātua ki ngā tikanga whakaputanga Tier 4. Engari kāore i te nui ake i te pai ki te taiao, ā, ka tautoko hoki te SCR i te whakahaere a mātāmua i ngā inu hau para. Hei tauira, i ngā waka pātaka, kua tīmata kē ngā kaiwhakahaere o ngā waka ki te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha SCR i roto i ō rātou whakahaere katoa ahakoa kei te hou, kei te inu hau para noa, kei te tawhito rānei.
Whakaaetanga Herehere & Tuaropaki Tier 4
Ngā Whakahaerenga EPA Tier 4 Final mō ngā Motokaraka Nui
Tā te EPA ka tūhono i ana whakaritenga Tier 4 Kīato i te tau 2014, kua raru ngā kaihanga waka ki te whakahaere i ngā tikanga whakamāmātia e pā ana ki ngā whakaputanga mai i ngā waka rahi. Kei te whai whakaritenga mō te whakaiti i ngā pāpaku pāpaku me ngā nitrogens oxide hauhake e puta mai ana i ngā pōro. Kāore he maha ngā whiringa mā ngā kaihanga mena kei te hiahia ratou kia noho tātai i ēnei wā. Kua timata ratou i te whakauru i ngā mea pērā i ngā kōpae pāpaku toa me ngā rāpoi whakawhitinga kaitiaki toa ki ā rātou tauira hou. Mō tētahi kamupene e āki ai te hoko i ngā waka herekau ki te Aimerika, me tino pai tēnei ka tika anō hoki. Ko ngā kamupene e murua ana i te whai i ēnei ture ka āwhina i te ririhau nui pea ka eke atu i te tata ki te miriona tāra. I waho i te whakawātea i ngā whiu utu whai mōhio, ko te whai i ēnei whakaritenga ka āwhina anō hoki i te tirotiro i tō tātou taiao i te whakapai ake i te hauora o ngā hapori.
Ngā Whakaiti Ture mō te Whakatōngia Taiao
Kei te whai raru nui huihuinga ki te tautohe i ngā aratau whakahaere whakaputanga e mōhiotia ai ngā raru nui, e māmā ai ngā raihana, ngā raru, ā hea pea ko ngā whakawā muramura ki ngā kaitiaki waka me ngā kamupene e tuanui ana i raro i rātou. Kei te mātātoko te EPA i ēnei katoa e ngana ana ki te tiri i te tukanga i ngā take whakaputanga. I ngā tau kua pahure ake nei, kua whakatakotoria e rātou ngā raihana nui ki ngā kamupene waka i rite ai ki te tautohe i ngā ture. Me whai ngā kamupene waka me ngā kaitiaki o ngā waka taputapu i ngā tikanga whakaputanga i te mea he nui ake i te noho tika i runga i ngā tikanga o te waka anō hoki, engari kia kaua hoki e tautohe i ngā take ture e utu nui ai me te tiaki i te whakaahua toa o rātou anō hoki. Kei te tautohe te ture i te take i pērā ai te nui o te whai tikanga o te whai whakaaro. Ko ngā kamupene e whai tikanga whakaputanga ana i ngā tātai whakaputanga e māmā ai i ngā raru moni i āmio mai hoki i te tika i te taiao anō hoki.
Ngā Tūtohitanga Whakahaere Mō te Pūmanawa Rangirua
Te Whakatūmahi i te Kōpūnui DPF i ngā Waka Pūke
He nui te whai hua ki te karo i te kōpōpōtanga o te DPF ina hāere ana i te whakahaere i ngā waka pōtī me te whakaiti i ngā whakaputanga. Āwhina ana ngā tirotiro whakamutunga me ngā tikanga horoi tika e whakakaha ai i te whakaputanga e whai mātau ana i te mahi o ngā mōhinu me te whakaputa i ngā whakaputanga. Ko te whakamahi i te kounga pai o te karaka karu me te whakapono he pai te haere o ngā waka i roto i te rohe tāpae tino pai e āwhina ana i te whakaiti i te kōpōpōtanga o te kohukohu ki roto i te punaha DPF. Kei te tautoko hoki i tēnei āhuatanga ngā tau – ko ngā kamupene e whai tikanga ana i te tiaki whakamutunga DPF e manawa marie ana e 30% te penapena i ngā utu whakatika. Mō te katoa e whakahaere ana i ngā waka, he nui ake i te penapena moni te whai pānga ki te tiaki i ēnei kōpōpōtanga; he whakahaere hoki i te ara korekau he iti noa ngā utu.
Te whakahaere i te pai o te DEF Fluid
He nui te whai hua o te whakapaku i te wai DEF mō te mahi tika o ngā punaha SCR nā te mea e whakapōhara i te hauora o ngā motuka te DEF kāore i te ma, ā, ka hua mai i ngā raruraru ki te tautohe i ngā tikanga here. Ko te whakahaere DEF pai he whakapaku i te DEF ki ngā wāhi e totohu ai te āhuā o te wā, ā, ka tūhono anō hoki i te DEF o te kounga teitei, ā, he whakaaetia hoki e te tari mō te whakauru ki te punaha kia kaua ngā raruraru e hua mai i ngā āpiti. I whakaatu ngā rangahau ka nui ake te whai hua o te DEF ma i te whakaiti i ngā whakapōhara noa, engari he whakaroa anō hoki i te ora o ngā punaha SCR. Ka whiwhi ngā kaiwhakahaere i ngā whakarāwekenga hau hōhonu ake ina tāwhaihia e rātou te whakapaku i ngā kaiwhakapōhara mai i te DEF, e whakamarumaru anō hoki i te kounga o tātou hau, ā, ka tū tonu hoki i te whaitua o ngā waka i te wā roa.
Whakamahi i ngā Pūmotu Mōmona
Ngā Rangahau Whakataki i ngā Pū Isuzu/Ford Diesel Box Trucks
Ko ngā waka tūturu Isuzu me Ford he nui rawa te whakapehapeha i ngā aratau whakahaere hauwhakaputanga e whakatōtō ana i ngā here Taumata 4. Kei te pai hoki ā-rorohiko ā rātou mō te whakaiti i te whakapaihanga, ā, kaua ko te nuinga o te kora. Kei te whai whakaaro nui ngā kamupene ki te hanga i ngā taputapu tūturu e taea ai e kātahi ka whai hua te utu mo ngā kaiwhakahaere waka nui. Kua tīmata tātou ki te kitea tēnei e paingia ana i te wāhi hokohoko anō hoki—kei te huri ngā kainoho ki ēnei tauira i runga i te nuinga o te mea kei te kaha te hanga i ēnei taputapu mō te taiao. Kei te whakaputua hoki e ngā tauera tēnei—kei te piki haere ngā tau hokohoko mō ēnei waka motuhake i ngā tau kua hipa mai nei.
Te Whakaaro Mō ngā Pūtōrino Hiko Pūngao vs. Hiko Tirohia
Kua pakaru mai ngā mōhio e pā ana ki te whakapai ake i te taiao me te whakapai ake i te hau, kei te whiriwhiri ētahi pakihi ki ngā taraka pūhiko kapi kauwhau kauwhau kaiwhakamahi i ngā tau e ono rātou e whakamahi ai. Kei te tika ake pea ngā taraka hauhau mai i te toa hauhau, engari kei te whakaputahia e ngā kaiwhakamahi hou he taraka pūhiko katoa kāore he hauhau. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi hauhau e whakamahi ana i ngā taraka pūhiko e whakapai ai i te taiao me te whakapai ake i te hau. Ko te nuinga o ngā kaiwhakamahi e kite ana i te whakamahi i ngā taraka pūhiko e whakaiti i ngā utu o te whakahaere i te wā e 40%, ahakoa ko te nui o te whakaiti e rerekē ana ki ngā āhuatanga pērā i ngā utu hiko me ngā hiahia whakatika. Ka taea e ngā whakaiti tēnei te whakapai ake i te ara o ngā rautaki whakarewa nui.