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Ngā Take Tuatahi o ngā Rangahau Whakaiti Kaimahi Diesel
Te Mahi o te Kaiwhakarerekē Diesel (DOC)
Kei te whai i tētahi mahi matua te Kātiti Whakawhitiwhiti Hākano (DOC) ki te whakawhiti i ngā pūtake hara i muri i ngā motokarawa hākano ki ngā mea iti noa iho, pērā i ngā karbona dīhide kai wai rānei. Ko tana take nui he whakapai i ngā karbona monokai, i ngā hidrokarōni, ā, i ngā momo hākano motokarawa, kia whakatika ai te hau whenua me te whakapai i te wehi o te motokarawa. E ai ki ngā DOCs, e whakaaturia ana ko ngā mete mihi raruraru, pērā i te piritena, he mea nui nei, nā runga i ō rātau mōhiotanga matua, ka pai tonu te mahi i roto i ngā wā e pāngia ana e ngā tohu hākano. Hei tā ngā rangahau me ngā tuhinga a ngā kaiwhakahaere taiao, pērā i te EPA, ka puta mai te whakamahi i tētahi DOC ki te whakaiti i ngā pūtake hara, ā, ka tautoko i te tango i ngā tikanga herehere pūtake, me te whakapai i te whakaaetanga ki ngā paerewa taiao.
Te Pūnaha Whakahoki Whakaaweawe (DPF) Motokarawa Hākano
Nui ake te hēnga o ngā Pūtahi Hapa Hauora (DPFs) ki te whakamahia hei kawe mai, hei pōti i ngā hapa hauora e puta nei i ngā wheako hauora. Ka whiwhi haere rātou i ngā hapa hauora mō te wā, me te hanga mai i tētahi mātai whakaoranga kia taea ai e rātau te whakatika i a rātau pai. E rua ngā āhuatanga mātai whakaoranga e whai ake ana i ngā DPFs: te mātai whakaoranga noa, e pāngia ana i te tū tonu i te mahi motokā i ngā waehu roa, me te mātai whakaoranga nui, e whakapae ana e te pūtake whakahaere moenga i te wā e kore nei ngā kaupapa noa i te taea. Ko te rangahau hou e whakaaro ana he mea nui te whakahaere taumata o te DPF, ā, ina whai kia pai ai te mātai whakaoranga, ka whai ake anō i te 50% tōna ao. Kāore i whai noa i tēnā ka tiakina e ia nei te pai o te mahi motokā, engari ko tētahi atu hua he tautoko i ngā haukōhatu tuawhenua e whai ana kia heke ake ngā hapa e tuku nei ki te rangi.
Te Whakawai Korara Tirohia (SCR) & Te Wai DEF
Te Whakamahere Kataliti Pūtahi (SCR) he whakamahere mōhiko whakahirahira e whakaaetia ana ki te tāpae i ngā wheako nitrogen monoxide (NOx) e pā ana ki ngā motokaraka, me te whakamahi i te Rīwai Whakawehenga Motokaraka (DEF) hei kataliti. Ko te mahi nei he papakuha i te DEF ki roto i te pūmau, ka kitea ko te whakapā i te NOx i runga i te kataliti, e hua ana ki te hanga i te nitrogen me te poro ā-moe. Hei tā EPA, ka taea e te hunga whakamahere SCR te tāpiri i ngā wheako NOx i raro i te 90%, e hino ana ki te whaiwhai i ngā whakahaere herehere Tier 4. Ki te tāpiri nui i ēnei wheako, ka whakatika atu ngā whakahaere SCR ki te whakatutuki i te oranga o te taiao, ā, ka whakapai anō hoki i te whakahaere whakarite o ngā motokaraka diesel, inahea he motokaraka whakairo rūma, he purengi, he motokaraka diesel.
Whakaaetanga Herehere & Tuaropaki Tier 4
Ngā Whakahaerenga EPA Tier 4 Final mō ngā Motokaraka Nui
Nā ngā ture EPA Tier 4 Final, i whakauru atu i te tau 2014, ka nui ake ngā hiahia ki runga i ngā tohutohu kaiwhakaheke āwhā. Nō reira ngā ture pakupaku e pa ana ki te iti iho o ngā pūtaiao me ngā taiaoiti monoxide (NOx) i whakatōngia e ngā tūru waka nui. Ki te whiwhi i ngā ture, kāore i whakaae ngā kaiwhakatū ki te whakamahi i ngā momo hangarau mōhio pūmau, pērā i ngā Pūnua Pūtauhere Diesel (DPF) me ngā rōpū Whakangungu Kaha Matihiko (SCR) i roto i ngā tūru hou. He mea nui te whiwhi i ngā ture mō ngā kaiwhakatū e hiahia ana kia pai ngā waka nui ki te whai mana hei hoko i roto i te kāwanatanga o Te Riu Tawhiti. Ka kitea he nui rawa ngā whakataunga mō te kore whakaaetanga, e tino kino nei, e taea ana te kore eka kotahi mano mō ngā paraihe. Ko te tirotiro i te whakaaetanga ka whakamana hoki i te kore hokohoko mō ngā kaiwhakatū, ā, ka tautoko hoki i ngā mahere huringa taiao me ngā kaupapa hauora ōrite.
Ngā Whakaiti Ture mō te Whakatōngia Taiao
Te whakatere i ngā kōwhiringa herehere āhuarangi ka tango whakamuri ngā uara ture nui e hiahiatia ana i te take o ngā pūtake rangatira, ngā tohenga, ā, he mea nui hoki ko ngā whakapae ture mo ngā tangata whenua waka me ngā hanganga i roto. Ko te Mana Whakahaere Āhuarangi (EPA) kei te mohio tonu ki te aroturuki i ngā momo take o te whakatere i ngā herehere āhuarangi, ā, i mua atu, i te whakaae rātou ki te whakatakoto i ngā pūtake nui i runga i ngā kāwanatanga i kitea nei i te whakatutuki i ngā paerewa kua whakatetonga mai. Mo ngā hanganga me ngā whakahaere waka, ko te whakarite ki ngā herehere herehere āhuarangi kaore i te mea kotahi hei whakamahinga i ngā waka e mahi ana, engari he mea nui hoki ko te whakauru i ngā pakanga ture herehere me te whakangungu i te mana ki te ingoa. Ko ngā whakariterite ture e whakaatu ana i te nui o te hiahia ki te whakarite i ēnei herehere, ā, e whakaū ana i te hiahia mo ngā pakihi ki te tirotiro i ngā waka ki te pai ai ki ngā paerewa herehere āhuarangi i whakaaetia, inaianei mo ngā take moni hoki me ngā take tika.
Ngā Tūtohitanga Whakahaere Mō te Pūmanawa Rangirua
Te Whakatūmahi i te Kōpūnui DPF i ngā Waka Pūke
Te whakamahere i te korenga o te DPF he mea nui ki te whakarite i te hīnaki haumanu tōmua, ā, ki te iti i ngā whaiwāhi kaiwhakaū i ngā karawa. He nui ngā tirohanga ā-ropu me ngā rautaki pūngao hei whakaiti i te hanga e āheinga ana ki te mātātuhi o te motokā, ā, hei whakapai i ngā whaiwāhi kaiwhakaū. Ko te whakamahi i te rūma motokā pai rawa, ā, ko te whakatakoto i ngā motokā i ngā wāhanga waipori pai ka whakaiti i te hanga kohukohu i roto i te DPF i tōna wā. Apopo, ko ngā tataunga e whakaatu nei ko te whakamahere i ngā mahi whakariterite DPF ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakatika e 30% te rahinga. Tēnei e whakaū ana i te hiahia mō te whakahaere pai ake o ngā DPF i roto i ngā mahi kaihoki motokā, kia kitea ai ngā ratonga whaimana me ngā ratonga taiao.
Te whakahaere i te pai o te DEF Fluid
Te whakahaere i te pai o te wai DEF he mea nui mō te hīkoi o ngā rangahau SCR, nā te mea ka taea e te wai DEF e pērā ana ki te korenga i te whakarite i te mahi motokā i raro i ngā whakaaetanga. He mea nui anō ngā tikanga whakapuaki mō te whakahaere i te wai DEF, hei rapu i te wāhi o te āhuatanga werawera mō te tirotiro, me te tiaki i te wai DEF matua anō, hei whakamutu i ngā whakaiti. Ko ngā raraunga e tūhono nei, ko te tiaki i te pai o te wai DEF ka whāia mai anō ngā whakaiti i ngā taumaha kaiwhakaohooho, ā, ka noho roa ake ngā rangahau SCR. Ko te whakapae i te whakamahi i te wai DEF korenga hei hanga i te pai rawa o ngā whakahaere kaiwhakaohooho, hei tiaki i te whenua me te mana motokā.
Whakamahi i ngā Pūmotu Mōmona
Ngā Rangahau Whakataki i ngā Pū Isuzu/Ford Diesel Box Trucks
He mea nui kei runga i ngā pūtōrino Isuzu me Ford e whai ana i te paetahi matua mā ngā rāngitaki kaiwhaiwhaihere hiko i roto i ō rātou rangahau hei whakarite i ngā paerewa Tier 4. E mahi ana ēnei rāngitaki ki te tirotiro i te itinga o ngā pūtake hiko kia heke, ā, kia whai oranga anō hoki i te whakamahere pūhoro. Ko te tūmanako a ngā whakahaere katoa ko te whakapae me te whakatika i roto i ō rātou hanganga, ka tukuna he pai marire i roto i ngā take hiko iti me te whakamahere pūhoro pai, e kitea ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere kēti. Kua puta tēnei ki te whakawhitinga i te hiahia i te kāwanatanga, ā, kua nui ake te hiahia i te wā e whai ana ngā pūkenga atu ki ngā pūtōrino hiko pūngao, pērā i ngā Isuzu me Ford i whakaritea i ēnei momo hanga herehere whakamua.
Te Whakaaro Mō ngā Pūtōrino Hiko Pūngao vs. Hiko Tirohia
Ki te whakangāhetanga o ngā whakaaro mo te taiao, ko ngā waka kūmyuta rūma e whai ake nei hei tūtohu nui i ngā motu pūhukarēwha tūturu. Ahakoa i tae atu ngā motu rūma ki ngā paerewa whakamātau āporo, ko te angitūtanga o ngā waka kūmyuta he mea kāore i te tahua hāngai, mea atu he pai ake rātou mō ngā wāhi paipera, kei reira ngā tono nui mo te hau whenua. Ko te whitiwhitinga ki ngā motu kūmyuta, ka whakaiti hoki i te whiuwhitanga i te taiao, ā, ka whai hua anō hoki i ngā whiuwhitanga mahi. Ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga e huri ana ki ngā waka kūmyuta te whakaiti i ngā uiuinga whiuwhitanga matua mō te wā e huringa nei, e ārahi ana i te whakapai i ō rātou hua moni.