He aha te utu whakamātautau o tēnei waka hōiho pūhanga?

Te Tau E Tātai Ana Te Nuinga o ngā Hōhipi

Inā whakapā mai ngā kaiwhakamāmani i ngā hōhipi mō ngā utu whakamāmā i ngā waka pūhanga, he rite tonu te whāinga ki tēnei tau. He rite ki ngā centi i te mila, i tēnei wā, he rite ki tēnei whakatau i tēnei marama. Ko te whakautu pono ko tēnei tau e hāngai ana ki te ara, ki te āhuarangi, ki te taumaha o ngā kaiwhakamāmā, me te āhua o te whakamāmā i te waka. Ko tēnei waka pūhanga e haere ana i ngā ara ārai i te tāone i tēnei āhuarangi māmā, he rerekē tonu i tēnei waka e tāwhai ana i ngā taumaha nui i ngā tau hukapapa. Ko te hākiri he whakamāmā hei tātai tuara. He rerekē ake, he utu rereke, e whai ana i te whakamāmā i ngā mahi.

Ko ngā raraunga whakamātautau mō te whakamahi i ngā waka tāwhai rīnaki i ngā tau kete. Kāore anō te whakamahi i ngā waka tāwhai hiko i te whakamātautau. Ko ngā raraunga tuatahi mai i Argonne National Laboratory me te North American Council for Freight Efficiency e whakaatu ana i te iti ake o ngā utu whakamahi i ngā waka tauhokohoko hiko (BEV) i te 30 ki te 50 ōrau i ngā waka tāwhai rīnaki. Ko tēnei pūrua he pūrua whānui, ā, he take nā. He aha ngā mea e whakaurua ana? Ngā tārore? Ngā whakahou pūkoro? Ngā whakamātua i ngā kaiwhakamātua? Ngā whakamātua i ngā wai mātātoko o ngā pākākā? Ko ngā rārangi o ngā whakamātua he mea matua.

Nō hea ngā utu whakamahi i ngā waka tāwhai hiko?

He rāhui mātua ko te whakamārama he kāore ngā waka hiko i te whakamāhi. He whakamāhi anō ngā waka hiko. Engari he rerekē ngā mahi whakamāhi. Kāore he mātua diesel, he pūnaha whakamāngai, he pūnaha whakamātautau i ngā whakamātautau o te hā, me ngā pūnaha wāhanga wāhanga. I tēnei wā, kei reira ngā kawhe pākihi, ngā pūnaha hiko, ngā pūnaha whakamāramatanga o te pākā, ngā mōtā, me ngā pūnaha whakamārama hōu. Kāore ēnei wāhanga i te hiahiatia te whakamāhi i ngā hinu, engari he hiahiatia te whakamātautau, te whakamārama, me ngā wā e whakamāngai ana.

Ngā rāhui nui o ngā utu whakamāhi i ngā waka hiko he rāhui i tēnei wā:

1. Ngā tīra me ngā pākā, i tēnei wā he rerekē ngā whakamāhi i te āhua o te ao.

2. Te whakamārama o te pākā, tāpirihia ngā hōu me ngā pūmā.

3. Ngā pūnaha hiko pākihi, tāpirihia ngā kōwhiringa me ngā whakamārama.

4. Ngā pūnaha mōhio, me ngā whakamātautau, e hiahiatia ana ngā kaiwhakamāhi e mātauranga ana.

5. Ngā pūnaha whakauru, ā, he rāhui kē i ngā tātai whakamāhi waka.

Ko tēnei whakamātau i muri i tēnei e whakamātautia ana ngā hōtaka o ngā waka. Kāore he waka te kaiwhakamāhi, engari ina pakaru mai, ka mutu te waka. Me whakauru ngā whakamātautanga o te whakamāhi i te wāhi o te whakamāhi.

Ngā pākete, ngā pāpā, me ngā wāhanga e wareware ana ngā tāngata

Ko te whakamāhi anō i ngā pākete he otinga tūturu o ngā waka ā-hiko. Ko te mōtāhi te mea e whakamāhi ana i te waka, ā, e whakamāhi ana i ngā pūmau, ā, ko ngā pākete hāngai kē atu i te wā. I ngā ara o te tāone e tū ake ana, e tū ake ana, ka taea te whakarere i te ora o ngā pākete. Kātahi pea ngā hōtaka e whakamātautia ana ngā wā o te whakamāhi o ngā pākete e rua ki te toru wā roa atu i ngā waka diesel. He tauāki tēnei, engari kāore he kōrero katoa.

Ko ngā pāpā he rerekē. Ko ngā waka ā-hiko e kawe ana i ngā pākete pūmāhi, ā, ko te toa tūturu e whakamāhi ana i te whakamāhi o ngā pāpā mēnā kāore ngā kaiwhakamāhi i te whakamātautia. Ka taea pea te pūtake o ngā pāpā e piki ake i ēnei hōtaka. Ko ngā wāhanga o te whakamāhi hoki e whakamāhi ana i te pākete o te pākete. Ko ngā kaihoko e titiro tonu ki ngā pākete anake e wareware ana i ngā pāpā me ngā wāhanga o te whakamāhi.

Kāore ngā rākau hiko me ngā rākau whakamātautau hiko i te uta kore

Ko te pūhanga hiko te wāhanga tāpiri taumaha o te waka hiko, engari ko ngā mahi whakamātautau hiko i te rārangi kāore he whakakapi. He whakamātau i te pūhanga kia noho tonu i tōna wāhi pai. Ko ngā rākau whakamātautau hiko e whakarere i te wai whakamātautau, e whakahaere i ngā pampi, me te whakahaere i te hāngā i te wā o te whakakapi me te whakamātautau. Kua rere ngā wāhanga nei. Kua rere te wai whakamātautau. Kua hinga ngā pampi. Kua rere ngā hōse. Kāore ēnei i te take mātātoko, engari me whakauru ki te tātai moni.

Ko ngā whakakapi tawhito he whakamātautau. Ko ngā whakakapi tawhito DC e whakapānui ana i te whakamātautau o ngā rākau hiko, ā, i te mutunga, e whakamātautau ana i te roa o te haerenga, ā, pērā anō pea te whakakapi i ngā wāhanga. Ko tēnei āhuatanga i tātai mai i te Tari o ngā Pūnaha Waka o te Rārangi o ngā Hāngā o Amerika, ā, ko te whakamātautau o ngā rākau hiko he nui ake te pānga o te hāngā, o te āhua o te whakakapi, me te tauira o te whakakapi. Ko ngā rōpū waka e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakakapi āpōpō Level 2 i te wā o te po, i tēnei wā, e whakamātautau ana i te whakamātautau i te iti ake i ngā rōpū waka e whakamāhi ana i ngā whakakapi tawhito ā rā. Kāore pea ngā utu whakamātautau rerekē i te tau tuatahi, engari ka kitea i te tau rima.

He Kōrero Tūmatanui Ūki I Tēnei, I Ngā Taukōkō Hāhā

I tēnei tāone i te tonga o Tīnā, i whakamāhi tēnei kōmupī o te whakamāngai i ngā kamupī hauāwhā me ngā kamupī hiko i ngā ara ōrite i ngā tau e rua. Ko ngā kamupī hiko he iti ake, ā, i whakamāhi hei whakamāngai i te wāhi mutunga. I te mutunga o te whakamātautau, kua pīroiroi ngā utu mō te whakamāhinga o ngā pākete pākaha i te 40% i te nuinga. Kua piki ngā utu mō ngā tāreke i te 15% i te nuinga. I hiahiatia ngā whakamāhinga o ngā pampi e rua mō te rāhui o ngā kamupī hiko, ā, kāore i tātai. Ko ngā whakamāhinga o ngā kākāriki hiko i tāpiri atu i tēnei kōrero, ā, kāore i tātai i ngā tātai utu mō ngā kamupī hauāwhā.

Ko te whakamātautau a te kaiwhakamārama o ngā kamupī kāore i te kōrero he iti ake ngā utu mō ngā kamupī hiko, he nui ake rānei. Engari ko te rerekētanga o ngā utu. Ko te whakamārama i tēnei rerekētanga he mea nui ake i te taukōkō matua. Ko tēnei he wānanga e maha ngā rāhui o ngā kamupī e ako ana i te ara pāpā.

He aha ngā mea e piki ake, e heke ake ngā utu mō te whakamāhinga

He maha ngā āhua e whakamāngai ana i ngā utu whakamātua waka hiko ki ngā tāwhai rerekē. Ko te whakamātautau i ngā kaiwhakamāhi he tautoko. Ko te whakamāhi i te whakahaere māmā me te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te hiko i mua i te whakamāhi i ngā pūkoro me ngā pākihi e whakamāhi ana i te whakamāhi i ngā pūkoro me ngā pākihi. Ko te āhua o te ao he mea nui. Ko ngā hau pōkai, ko ngā hau mātātahi hoki e whakamāhi ana i ngā rākau hiko me ngā pākete hiko. Ko te rautaki whakamāhi hiko he mea nui. Ko te whakamāhi i te hiko i te po he iti ake te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi i te hiko i te rā. Ko te āhua o te ara he mea nui. Ko ngā ara pāpaku e whakamāhi ana i ngā pākihi me ngā rākau o te waka, ahakoa te whakamāhi i te hiko.

Ko te kounga o te whakamahinga me te pūmau o te rāhui hokohoko hoki he wāhanga. Ko ngā wāhanga e mātua pakaru ana he uta ake i ngā wāhanga e tū tonu ana. Ko tēnei waka tāwhai i hanga mai i te whakamārama kounga kia rite, me ngā wāhanga e pūmau ana, he iti ake ngā utu whakamāhi i te wā o tēnei ao, ahakoa he rite tonu te utu tuatahi. Ko Hansuo, i tōna whanonga i ngā mahi whakamahinga ā-hāngā me ngā whakamārama kounga, i whakawhanahu mai i tēnei tikanga ki ngā ratonga rāhui hokohoko. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi o ngā waka tāwhai, ko tēnei pūmau o te whakamahinga he rereke i ngā utu whakamāhi kāore i whakamātautia, me te wāhanga o ngā wāhanga e wātea ana.