He aha te kamupene whakaperepere e hokona ana hei nui mō te waka kawe kai mātotoru?

He aha ai ngā Kamupene Whakaperepere Mō Te Wāhi Iriirihia e Hokona Ana He Mea Nui Mō Ngā Kai Mātotoru

Kāore he mea ka taea e ngā kamupene te wareware i te pupuri i ngā wāhi noho pāmahana tika ina hōnea ana ngā taonga māmā. Ka tīmata te māmā o ngā hua kairākau, huarākau, hua rākau, āe rānei ngā rongoā ki te tino māmā, ki te tino makariri rānei. Hei tauira ko ngā rākau maero, ka maroke tētahi wāhi noa iho mēnā kei te pāmahana e 5 niiahi ake i te tikanga. Ko te reka pirimere hoki tētahi atu uaua – ka tīmata te ngaro i tana ahunga kirīmiro, ā, ka kore e haumi tō kai i muri i tētahi wā poto i te -12 ranei, engari me -18 C. E ai ki ētahi tau panui hokohoko hou, ko ngā panoni pāmahana i te wā o te hōnea e take ana i te 30% o ngā taonga māmā katoa i ia tau, ā, ka tūhono i ngā kamupene ki te $700 miriona kihai i taea te penapena, e kōrero ana te Food Logistics mai i te tau whakamutunga.

Kāwhai mana te whai mātāponga i tēnei matarohanga. E here ana te FDA i ngā ritenga o te wāhi noho, mō ngā hua rīwai (0°C ki te +5°C) me ngā kikokiko (-1°C ki te +2°C), ā, ka taea ngā whiwhinga moni tae atu ki te $100,000 ia take mō ngā kore e purenga. Ka māmā aua raru ngā rīwa pāpaku motuhake trakihana āhuarangi mā roto i ēnei tūmanako e toru:

• Whakahaerenga o te āhuarangi iti , ka taea ai e ngā kapa anuanu te pupuri i te rīwai ki te 4°C i te wā e tiaki ana i te ika ki te -2°C;
• Te whai mōhio ki te wā tonu , me ngā kaitirotiro e tuarangitia ana hei whakapuaki mō ngā wehenga iti rawa o ±0.5°C;
• Whakapai ai i te rere o te hau , ka ngaro ngā “wāhi wera” e piki ake ai te tipunga o ngā pātu me te parurenga.

Ko te whiringa o ngā tīwaka whakauka e wātea ana mō te hoko he whai pānga nui ki te roa o te wā e noho ai ngā hua kia hou, ki te haumātaotao o rātou i te wā o te neke, me te putanga mutunga ki ngā moni ahu whenua. Tuhia ngā tarutaru hei tauira – ina eke ki te 1 degree Celsius ka taea e rātou te pupuri i te kounga mō te 12 ra, engari ina heke ki te 7 degrees ka heke anō ki te rima anake ngā ra. He uaua rawa atu te wāhi atamira nā te mea ka tīmata te ngaro i te kaha tūpono ina heke pea te mahana i runga, i raro rānei i te 2 degree. Kua tīmata ētahi o ngā kamupene aratohu matua ki te tirotiro i ngā whakaaetanga o ngā pūnaha whakauka i mua i te hoko i ngā taputapu hou ēnei rā. E ai ki ngā rangahau hou a Supply Chain Quarterly i te 2023, ko ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā pūnaha whakahaere mahana tikanga kaiteka kei te 23% te heke i te hararewa kai i ngā kamupene e horoi ana i ngā rautaki makariri noa.

Te Whakauru i ngā Momo Tīwaka Whakauka ki te Rangi me te Rōhua o te Kāwai Hou

Ngā repera momo-pēra mō te tuku kāwai hou mā te tāone

Kei te mahi tino pai ēnei kamupene iti, āhua rahi rānei i ngā wāhi tāone, ā, kei reira hoki e huri haere ana ki ngā kokoti poto, me ngā wāhi noho poto maha, he wāhanga nui o ngā mahi i ia rā. Ka taea e rātou te kawe i te 7,000 pauna tāonga, ka mau ai te makariri i waenganui i te wāhi taka tio me te rima niwa Celsuis. Kei roto i tēnei tauwae taima kia kaua ai te taro kia miakai, kia kaua ai ngā kōwhiti hei pakaru, me ngā rākau rongoā kia kaua ai kia maroke i te wā e neke haere ana ki ngā wāhi tuku maha i te rā. He mea nui anō ko te mea kei te kai nei ēnei kamupene iti aituā mō te 18 ōrau iti ake i ngā kamupene rānei rahi ake – he mea nui tēnei mō ngā kamupene e ngana ana kia iti ake ngā utu. Anō hoki, ka tukuna e rātou ngā hua ki ngā toa i ngā tāone, me ngā mākete kaihoko ki ngā pā, i ngā wā katoa. Engari ko te mea e wehe nei i a rātou ko te āhua rapu anuanu o te makariri i muri i te wā e whakatuwhera ana te tataku kia uta, kia unu rānei i te kawenga. Ko te āhuatanga kotahi tēnei ka wehe ai i a rātou i te tuku i ngā hua makariri, hua kararehe hou, ki ngā toa kai i ngā hapori, me ngā toa taiponu.

Nga pouaka me nga waka tāpoi mō te tuku miraka me ng kai maroke i te rohe

Ina neke ana i ngā hua rīwai, kiko mātōpū, me ngā kai tērā noa ki te wāhi e huri ana i ngā rohe, ko ēnei kamupene pūnaha rahi, hāngai hāngai, he iti rawa te kaha o te kawe (10k ki te 13k puna), ka whetehete ake i te āhua o te wāhi e tiaki ai te wāhi e pai ai te wāhi. Ko te āhuatanga maha-wāhi hei tikanga mō ngā kaimahi kia kawe haerenga haere hua rerekē, pērā i te pupuaki e noho ana ki te toru kelvine, i te wā e kawe mai ana i te kiriimi tēpu e hiahiatia ana kia pā ki raro ake i te kore tekau mā waru kelvine tonu i te tiriti rohe. Kei roto i ēnei taputapu ngā pūnaha arataki hau kia kaua ai ngā wāhi kua tuarangi te kākahu i ngā paraka takotoria. Anō, ko ō rātou whakapaipai whakapaipai kia mau ai ngā mea katoa ki ngā tikanga FDA, ā, āea hoki ina roa haere ana, e waru haora pea, ā, anō nei. Kāore e he ara ngā kamupene motuhake nei e nuinga ana mō ngā huinga toa kai e ngākau nui ana kia kaua e pakaru ngā kai hou me ngā kai tere hinga.

Ngā Taipitopito Tekinikī Matua e Whakaratohia ana i te Roko Pakaru Pai kia Hoko

Te whakahaere tika o te wāhi (0°C ki te +5°C) me te whakamātau i te mōhio whakakaha

He mea nui rawa te pupuri i ngā wāhi i waenganui i te 0°C ki te +5°C ina pā ana ki te tiaki i ngā hua hou. Mēnā ka wera ake i te +5°C, ka tīmata ngā pāpaku ki te whanaketanga haerenga atu ki te rua tekau pea i ngā hua rīwai miraka me ngā huawhenua. Me tāpihitia te punaha whakakaha kia āhua pai anō i ngā taiao whakahaerehia anō i te wā e mahi ana te katoa i te uara rahi rawa me ngā wāhi taiao hoki. Ko ngā pakihi arotake e whakauru ana i ngā taputapu arotake aunoa e arotake ana i ngā panonitanga wāhi ā-retauna me te hanga tuhinga e ū ana ki ngā paerewa HACCP. Āwhina ēnei punaha i te aukati i ngā raru utu nui mō te kai e hinga ana ka taea te utu e waru rau whā tekau mano dolaria ia tau e ai ki ngā tirohanga umanga mai i te tau ki muri.

Te kaha o te takotoranga pakari me te hoahoa urutātaka e hāngai ana hei whakaputangia i te ririhau

Kātahi ka pakaru te rauemi pākahukahu polyurethane foam insulation me te uara R o te paku noa rānei 7.5 i te wera e rere ana i ngā taha, e 30% ake i ngā rauemi noa, nā reira ka whakahaere huarahi te waka me te pupuri i ngā wāhi āhuarangi tūpato ake ki roto. Engari ko te mea nui rawa ko te ara o te hau anuanu. Kei raro i te rerekētanga o te wāhi e rua celsius te punaha e pupuri ai te āhuarangi i ngā wāhi katoa o te wāhi kawe taonga, kia kaua ai ngā wāhi makariri kia hangaia. Ka taea e tātou te tirotiro i te wehenga āhuarangi kotahi nei mā ngā arataki infrared ina hoko te taputapu. E whakaatu ana ēnei aratakī mēnā he wāhi e makariri haere ana i te tata o ngā wāhi tū awhina, e hinga ai ngā mea pērā i ngā huawhenua hou kua whakarākea ki ērā wāhi. Ina hoki, me pupuri tōna āhuarangi kotahi kia mārohirohi ai ngā huawhenua kākāriki i te wā o te kawe.

Hurihuri Makariri Hou vs. Hurihuri Makariri Kua Whakamahia e Hoko: Te Taurite i te Utu, Te Arataki, me te Mahi

Tohu, hītori tiaki, me ngā tohutoro punaha makariri

Ina hoko ana i ngā kamupene hou mātai kōkiri, titiro ki aua e āki nei ngā whakaaetanga here tikanga hou me ngā tiwhikete kaihanga katoa nā te mea ka iti ake ngā raru here tikanga mai anō i te ra tuatahi. Mō ngā tauira kua whakamahia, he nui ngā penihana tuku atu, ahakoa me nui ake te mahi a ngā kaihoko. Tirohia te āhua o ngā korokoro pāpaku, te tika o te horapa komipihana, me te mahi tonu o ngā kaituhi wāhi mātai. Ingoa arotake tuatoru mō te puna mātai kāore i te aronga pai anake engari he mea matua nui nā te mea ka taea e ngā raru hutihuti te whakapoke i ngā huinga katoa i te wā o te kawenga. Ko ngā kaihoko mātau ko o rātou e hoki ki ngā kaihoko e whakaatu ana i te hītori ratonga katoa ā, e mau nei i ngā ripoi whakangāhau pū.

Ngā Mahi Whakauru Pono: He aha ngā taonga hou e wātea ana hei kawe haumaru i roto i ēnei Reefers?

Kia whakaputangia ngā kaipuke rerigeri katoa ngā mea e mōhiotia ana ki te wero o te wero i te wā o te nekenga, he mea nui rawa tēnei mō ō mātou hokohoko āhuatanga o te wā o nāianei. Ko te nuinga o ngā mea e noho ana i roto i ēnei kāpene ko ngā kai e mate ana tūpono, hei tauira ngā huarākau hou pērā i ngā rīwai, ngā rākau kākahu, ngā hua torotoro, ngā hua rīwai, ngā hua kauwhau, me ngā miraka pērā i te tātā me te miraka anō, tāpirihia atu ngā mēsi pērā i te moa, me ngā momo ika me ngā kōura. Me pupuri aua mea ki te wero tioro engari kāore i raro ake i te wero kēmama, arā ko te wero e 0 ki te 5°C kia kaua ai e kino, kia pai ai hoki mō te kai. Katahi ka tā karawhiti ngā rongoā hoki. Mea pērā i ngā tā i te inusuline, ngā tākarotia hoki o ngā rongoā tiaki mate me pupuri i te wero tika tonu i te wā o te nekenga. Mēnā ka hē te wero, ka kino te hinga, nō reira ka whai ngā kamupene i ngā tikanga tino whai pānga ina neke ana i ngā hua rongoā mā te whenua.

I tua atu i ngā kai me ngā rongoā:

• Ngā hua pararaihe pakari ki te 2°C–8°C me te whakahaere i te hamuti;
• Ngā hua motuhake pērā i te kakao, ngā hua kōpara, me ngā wae pūhui hiko; ka pakari ki te mate mai i te whakapipiri.
• Ngā matapara angaamu , tae atu ki ngā raima, ngā huaki, me ngā kimikimeka toihau, e here ana ki te tiaki i te mātukutuku i te wera i te haerenga.

I te wāhanga kai tōpito anuanu noa iho i te $740,000 te rahinga tau o te wakaū (Ponemon Institute, 2023), e whakaatu nei i te tūmatakaro matua o te reefer. Ko te whiriwhiri i te waka whakamātauranga tika hei hokohoko hei tiaki i ngā whakamahinga marino katoa nei.